Uncanny

The quandry that I have been considering most recently is whether canned laughter and good comedy are mutually exclusive. Perhaps 'canned laughter' is not quite the correct phrase for the phenomenon that I am thinking of but it is a useful generic term for 'actual human chortles that eminate from within the fabric of the programme but outside of the theatre of action.' After the great sitcom revolution of the 1990s (post-dinnerladies), shows like The Royle Family ushered in a new naturalistic style which encouraged less reliance on and greater disdain for the laughter track. Canned laughter began to sound desperate, as if the producer needed to prompt the audience at home to laugh at appropriate moments.

Now, Peep Show would feel ridiculous with a laughter track. It would shatter the illusion of imprisonment inside the warped minds of the the El Dude brothers. Being a mockumentary, Summer Heights High would feel disconcerting if a laughter track were added. Enforced merriment would destroy the delicious mix of consternation and amusement that an audience feels in responce to Mr G's impropriety. So, is it fair to say that recorded laughter no longer has a place in modern comedy? On the one hand, I am very much of the opinion that good comic writing should speak for itself and I acknowledge that in many cases a laughter track is unnecessary and awkward but there are occasions when its use is justified.

I would cite I'm Alan Partridge as a prime example. The reason that a laughter track works on this programme is that it naturally follows on from the chat show format of Partridge's previous offering Knowing Me, Knowing You. I'm Alan Partridge charts an egotist's desperate struggle to regain attention from a public with which he has no hope of connecting. To watch the carnage of his life unfold without the audibly amused response of an audience would feel empty. The beauty of Partridge is in the attention to detail. Everything from the make of Alan's car to his favourite Bond Film have been meticulously mapped out in order that his every utterance oozes comic potential. The utilization of the laughter track is no different. Even though I'm Alan Partridge is not a studio sitcom, Armando Iannucci maintains that key scenes originally shot on location were later recreated in a studio and filmed in front of an audience. The studio laughter track was then fitted in on top of the original scenes so that the 'audience without' hears the authentic and immediate reaction from the 'audience within'. Partridge is a wonderful model of how to balance old-school stage atmosphere with new-school naturalism.

The League of Gentlemen is an interesting laughter track anomaly. As an offbeat and reasonably dark offering, one would not expect The League to include anything as artificial as a laugther track but for the first two seasons this was the case. Those who are familiar with the programme may not even remember the presence of recorded laughter in the initial stages. So why did the commissioners/producers/directors/Gentlemen themselves make the decision to include it? Gatiss, Shearsmith and Pemberton would be the first to admit that their show was somewhat tasteless and there is a theory that the programme-makers were so nervous about how the bizarre characters of Royston Vasey would be received that the laughter track became something of a security blanket for them. However, The League of Gentlemen is essentially an old-style sketch show, albeit a very unique one. Some characters never reappear after one episode, there is very little cross-sketch group interaction and there is only minimal plot advancement throughout the series. Quick-fire sketch shows often suit, nay, require the atmosphere of sponteneity afforded by studio laughter. In the end, if the presence of recorded laughter is not distracting enough to render it noticeable, then there is very little basis on which to criticise it.

The League eventually dropped the canned laughter for the third series. If you follow the afformentioned security blanket theory then this must mean that the programme-makers had become more confident in their work by this stage and felt ready to weigh their mainstream anchor. In my opinion, the decision to remove the studio audience was made because the third series is fundamentally a different entity from those which came before it. Each episode focuses more sharply on an individual stories. The depth created by detailed characterisation dispenses with the laughter vacuum and also advances the programme in a new and intriguing direction. Canny decision, boys.

Can women by funny?

Having recently watched 2009 Unwrapped presented by the divisive Miranda Hart, I felt it was high time that I wrote something about female comedians. Firstly, I would like to draw attention to the fact that, in my humble opinion, Miranda is funny. Many may disagree with me. She is certainly not the edgiest performer to have ever lived. Her timing is not perfect (see this introduction section to Unwrapped with the frying pan incident, which doesn't quite work). She does, however, possess many of the qualities one would expect to find in a talented comedian. Her grasp of slapstick is impressive. Fall after fall in her self-titled sitcom left me laughing till my stomach hurt. Her one-liners are also extremely memorable. For example, after being manhandled by a friend when she drunkenly attempts to imitate the Queen, Hart quips: "Ooh, what would Prince Phillip say?! ...Probably something racist." Last and perhaps most interestingly of all, for a female comedian she derives little to no humour from the fact that she is a woman. And that, my friend, is how a successful female comedian is born. No one wants to hear any more jokes about female hormonal ravages (take note, Victoria Wood), men being useless (see Jo Brand), annoying mothers (oh dear, Ruby Wax), or a hideous mixture of all of the above (please stop, Joan Rivers). Deeply disappointing stuff.

It is a sad fact of life that there are fewer funny women in the world than men. I know I have had debates on this subject with many people and opinions vary as to the validity of this statement but, in my experience, it is the case. This is certainly not because women are inherently less funny than men but merely because women are not expected to be as funny as men. In social situations, women are given fewer opportunities to be funny and therefore do not develop their comic talents to the full. The feminine drought on the landscape of comedy continues ceaselessly. Whatever your opinion on this issue, I guarantee that you will struggle to come up with suggestions when asked to name your favourite funny ladies. With this in mind, I thought I'd prepare a highly edited and by no means exhaustive list of women who make me laugh.


Julia Davis



Julia's deliciously dark sitcom Nighty Night contains some phenomenal characters, not least the leading lady Jill (whom Julia plays). I absolutely love that she attempted to get Colin Firth to play the role that was eventually filled by Angus Deayton! Apparently she sent him a rehearsal tape and never received a reply from him. Her partnership with Mark Gatiss's character, Glenn, is particularly inspired. One can see from their scenes together that Julia enjoys working in an environment where she is constantly on the verge of laughter. Notably, she has worked on the macabre Jam with Chris Morris, the underrated Human Remains with Bobby Brydon and the short film black whispers in an elephant sky with Rich Fulcher. She also happens to be married to Julian Barrett with two children called Walter and Arthur, who must have the most potent comic genes in the land. I want those genes, dammit.


Rebecca Front



Wonderful Rebecca had her most recent success as the hapless minister in Armando Ianucci's The Thick Of It. At the other end of the spectrum, she played the deeply unempowered Cath in the aforementioned Nighty Night - a woman 'crippled by politeness.' Rebecca also sparkled in Alan Partridge's Abba Medley which combines two of my great loves (Norwich's chattiest export and Swedish pop icons).


Pauline McLynn



In her thirties, Pauline somehow managed to convince everyone that she was the elderly housekeeper of Craggy Island Parochial House. My favourite moments in Father Ted all involved Mrs Doyle, from her hysterical outburts to her moralising speeches (watch from 12:45). She is a truly classic character.


Caroline Aherne



It seems to be fashionable to criticise The Royle Family at the moment. Perhaps this is because the past two Christmas specials have been of lower quality and because Ralf Little (aka Anthony Royle) has turned into a bit of a nob-end. Nevertheless, Aherne's writing and acting in this and other shows are first class. The Royle Family episode, The Queen of Sheba, which charts Nana Royle's terminal illness and death, is bleak and poignant but, of course, it works beautifully. Aherne has an on-off relationship with the entertainment industry, which is perhaps why she has been sadly absent from our screens over the past few years. Her early work on The Fast Show displays her talent for creating believably funny characters. Aherne's genius is summed up simply by the famous Mrs Merton line addressed to Debbie McGee: "What first attracted you to the millionaire Paul Daniels?" Elderly people can get away with anything.


Jessica Hynes (née Stevenson)



Jessica first came to my attention as Daisy in Spaced, which contains the only good example of on-screen sexual tension exploited successfully for comic effect. She is especially adept at playing pathetic characters, as exemplified by her subtle but brilliant performance as Cheryl in The Royle Family.


Sarah Haskins



Sarah presents the Target Women segment on the programme Infomania, in which she analyses ludicrous lady-aimed advertising. Be careful. Once you pop, you just can't stop. I recommend you begin here.


Kristen Schaal



I hesitate to use abhorrent words such as 'quirky' or 'twee' to describe Kristen, who plays Mel the stalker in Flight of The Conchords. Although she is a peripheral character, she always manages to steal the show. The chemistry between herself and Noel Fielding on Never Mind The Buzzcocks was beyond beautiful. She also does lovely bits of stand up.


Tina Fey



Tina went global after her impressions of Sarah Palin on SNL during the 2008 election campaign. More interestingly, she wrote and performed in the sitcom 30 Rock, which is chock full of marvelous misfits, and the film Mean Girls, which captures (someone's) high school experiences perfectly. Who cares if I relate to it or not? It's funny.


Perhaps I have just defeated my own argument...